New York State Learning Standards for Social Studies

Standard 2: World History

Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their understanding of major ideas, eras, themes, developments, and turning points in world history and examine the broad sweep of history from a variety of perspectives.


Key Idea 1

The study of world history requires an understanding of world cultures and civilizations, including an analysis of important ideas, social and cultural values, beliefs, and traditions. This study also examines the human condition and the connections and interactions of people across time and space and the ways different people view the same event or issue from a variety of perspectives.

Performance Indicators (Benchmarks)

Elementary Level Students:

  • read historical narratives; myths, legends, biographies, and autobiographies to learn about how historical figures lived, their motivations, hopes, fears, strengths, and weaknesses
  • explore narrative accounts of important events from world history to learn about different accounts of the past to beginto understand how interpretations and perspectives develop
  • study about different world cultures and civilizations focusing on their accomplishments, contributions, values, beliefs, and traditions

Middle Level Students:

  • know the social and economic characteristics, such as customs, traditions, child-rearing practices, ways of making a living, education and socialization practices, gender roles, foods, and religious and spiritual beliefs that distinguish different cultures and civilizations
  • know some important historic events and developments of past civilizations
  • interpret and analyze documents and artifacts related to significant developments and events in world history

Commencement Level Students:

  • define culture and civilization, explaining how they developed and changed over time. Investigate the various components of cultures and civilizations including socialcustoms, norms, values, and traditions; political systems; economic systems; religions and spiritual beliefs; and socialization or educational practices
  • understand the development and connectedness of Western civilization and other civilizations and cultures in many areas of the world and over time
  • analyze historic events from around the world by examining accounts written from different perspectives
  • understand the broad patterns, relationships, and interactions of cultures and civilizations during particular eras and across eras
  • analyze changing and competing interpretations of issues, events, and developments throughout world history

Key Idea 2

Establishing timeframes, exploring different periodizations, examining themes across time and within cultures, and focusing on important turning points in world history help organize the study of world cultures and civilizations.

Performance Indicators (Benchmarks)

Elementary Level Students:

  • distinguish between past, present, and future time periods
  • develop timelines that display important events and eras from world history in terms of years, decades, centuries, and millennia, using BC and AD as reference points
  • compare important events and accomplishments from different time periods in world history

Middle Level Students

  • develop timelines by placing important events and developments in world history in their correct chronological order
  • measure time periods by years, decade, centuries, and millennia
  • study about major turning points in world history by investigating the causes and other factors that brought about change and the results of these changes

Commencement Level Students:

  • distinguish between the past, present, and future by creating multiple-tier timelines that display important events and developments from world history across time and place
  • evaluate the effectiveness of different models for the periodization of important historic events, identifying the reasons why a particular sequence for these events was chosen
  • analyze evidence critically and demonstrate an understanding of how circumstances of time and place influence perspective
  • explain the importance of analyzing narratives drawn from different times and places to understand historical events
  • investigate key events and developments and major turning points in world history to identify the factors that brought about change and the long-term effects of these changes

Key Idea 3

Study of the major social, political, cultural, and religious developments in world history involves learning about the important roles and contributions of individuals and groups.

Performance Indicators (Benchmarks)

Elementary Level Students:

  • understand the roles and contributions of individuals and groups to social, political, economic, cultural, scientific, technological, and religious practices and activities
  • gather and present information about important developments from world history
  • understand how the terms social, political, economic, and cultural can be used to describe human activities or practices

Middle Level Students:

  • investigate the roles and contributions of individuals and groups in relation to key social, political, cultural, and religious practices throughout world history
  • interpret and analyze documents and artifacts related to significant developments and events in world history
  • classify historic information according to the type of activity or practice: social/cultural, political, economic, geographic, scientific, technological, and historic

Commencement Level Students:

  • analyze the roles and contributions of individuals and groups to social, political, economic, cultural, and religious practices and activities
  • explain the dynamics of cultural change and how interactions between and among cultures has affected various cultural change throughout the world
  • examine the social/cultural, political, economic, and religious norms and values of Western and other world cultures

Key Idea 4

The skills of historical analysis include the ability to investigate differing and competing interpretations of the theories of history, hypothesize about why interpretations change over time, explain the importance of historical evidence, and understand the concepts of change and continuity over time.

Performance Indicators (Benchmarks)

Elementary Level Students:

  • consider different interpretations of key events and developments in world history and understand the differences in these accounts
  • explore the lifestyles, beliefs, traditions, rules and laws, and social/cultural needs and wants of people during different periods in history and in different parts of the world
  • view historic events through the eyes of those who were there, as shown in their art, writings, music, and artifacts

Middle Level Students:

  • explain the literal meaning of a historical passage or primary source document, identifying who was involved, what happened, where it happened, what events led up to these developments, and what consequences or outcomes followed (Taken from National Standards for World History)
  • analyze different interpretations of important events and themes in world history and explain the various frames of reference expressed by different historians
  • view history through the eyes of those who witnessed key events and developments in world history by analyzing their literature, diary accounts, letters, artifacts, art, music, architectural drawings, and other documents
  • investigate important events and developments in world history by posing analytical questions, selecting relevant data, distinguishing fact from opinion, hypothesizing cause-and-effect relationships, testing these hypotheses, and forming conclusions

Commencement Level Students:

  • identify historical problems, pose analytical questions or hypotheses, research analytical questions or test hypotheses, formulate conclusions or generalizations, raise new questions or issues for further investigation
  • interpret and analyze documents and artifacts related to significant developments and events in world history
  • plan and organize historical research projects related to regional or global interdependence
  • analyze different interpretations of important events, issues, or developments in world history by studying the social, political, and economic context in which they were developed; by testing the data source for reliability and validity, credibility, authority, authenticity, and completeness; and by detecting bias, distortion of the facts, and propaganda by omission, suppression, or invention of facts. (Taken National Standards for World History)